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基因编辑技术在农业种质资源上的应用

韩红兵,谢卡斌,曹罡,田见晖,王栋

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第6期页码 82-86 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.06.013

摘要：

基因编辑是对生物基因组的特定位点进行精准操作，以实现DNA片段定点删除、插入或者单碱基突变的技术。该技术突破了传统农业育种性状改良的瓶颈，能够创制出多种动植物全新种质。尤其是其中的CRISPR/Cas9技术，以其操作简便、高效率、多靶标、通用性等优势成为当前主流的应用技术，将给农业种业带来革命。为抢占未来种业种质创新和育种制高点，我国应采取积极应对措施，努力提高此技术的效率与精准性，积极制定相应的法律、法规。

关键词：基因编辑农业育种种业种质创新

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Heat, mass, and work exchange networks

Zhiyou CHEN, Jingtao WANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 484-502 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1221-5

摘要： Heat (energy), water (mass), and work (pressure) are the most fundamental utilities for operation units in chemical plants. To reduce energy consumption and diminish environment hazards, various integration methods have been developed. The application of heat exchange networks (HENs), mass exchange networks (MENs), water allocation heat exchange networks (WAHENs) and work exchange networks (WENs) have resulted in the significant saving of energy and water. This review presents the main works related to each network. The similarities and differences of these networks are also discussed. Through comparing and discussing these different networks, this review inspires researchers to propose more efficient and convenient methods for the design of existing exchange networks and even new types of networks including multi-objective networks for the system integration in order to enhance the optimization and controllability of processes.

关键词： process system engineering integration methods heat exchange network mass exchange network work exchange network

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作物种质资源学科的发展和展望

董玉琛

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第1期页码 1-5

摘要：

作物种质资源学科是20世纪发展起来的，瓦维洛夫的世界考察收集及其材料的表型多样性地理分布研究，奠定了作物种质资源学科的基础。自1958年美国建成世界第一座现代化种子库后，至今全世界的种质库已达1300多个，保存种质600×10⁴份（另一文献为2500×10⁴份）。现在的种质库分为长期、中期和短期三种，并在研究液态氮保存。无性繁殖作物采用种质圃或试管苗保存。由于育种工作对种质资源要求日益迫切，以及分子生物技术的发展，使作物种质资源研究进入了以评价鉴定为主的时代。应用分子遗传图谱不仅能鉴定质量性状，而且能发掘数量性状基因。中国原产的作物种质资源得到了较好的收集，1986年建成国家作物种质库(长期库），其中已存人各种作物的种质资源31×10⁴份。并建有西宁复份保存库，22个中期库，30个国家种质圃和2个试管苗库。对保存的材料大多数进行了农艺性状、抗病虫害、抗逆性和品质初步鉴定，并建成了中国作物种质资源信息系统。随着生物技术的加速发展，应用高新技术千方百计在种质资源中发掘新基因将是21世纪作物种质资源学科发展的热点。因此，要妥善保护现有种质资源，不再使任何基因流失；并从国外引进新作物、新基因，以促进农业改制和作物生产的发展；大力从地方品种中，特别是野生种中发掘新基因，促进农业持续发展。

关键词：作物种质资源种质库地方品种野生种

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China-CIMMYT collaboration enhances wheat improvement in China

Zhonghu HE, Xianchun XIA, Yong ZHANG, Yan ZHANG, Yonggui XIAO, Xinmin CHEN, Simin LI, Yuanfeng HAO, Awais RASHEED, Zhiyong XIN, Qiaosheng ZHUANG, Ennian YANG, Zheru FAN, Jun YAN, Ravi SINGH, Hans-Joachim BRAUN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第3期页码 233-239 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019254

摘要：

China and CIMMYT have collaborated on wheat improvement for over 40 years and significant progress has been achieved in five aspects in China. A standardized protocol for testing Chinese noodle quality has been established with three selection criteria, i.e., gluten quality, starch viscosity and flour color are identified as being responsible for noodle quality. Genomic approaches have been used to develop and validate gene-specific markers, leading to the establishment of a KASP platform, and seven cultivars have been released through application of molecular marker technology. Methodology for breeding adult-plant resistance to yellow rust, leaf rust and powdery mildew, based on the pleiotropic effect of minor genes has been established, resulting in release of six cultivars. More than 330 cultivars derived from CIMMYT germplasm have been released and are now grown over 9% of the Chinese wheat production area. Additionally, physiological approaches have been used to characterize yield potential and develop high-efficiency phenotyping platforms. CIMMYT has also provided valuable training for Chinese scientists. Development of climate-resilient cultivars with application of new technology will be the priority for future collaboration.

关键词： adult-plant resistance bread wheat breeding gene-specific marker germplasm exchange processing quality

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无角陶赛特品种绵羊种质特性及其应用的研究

赵有璋,李发弟,张子军,蔡原,孙照刚,杨富民,王旭刚,张德荣

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第5期页码 88-96

摘要：

2000年初引入新西兰无角陶赛特品种绵羊41只，投放在河西走廊的甘肃永昌肉用种羊场，采用舍饲为主、放牧为辅的饲养管理条件，通过对引入羊只的行为表现、生理生化指标、生长发育、繁殖性能、血液蛋白多态位点基因频率及基因型频率、抗病性等进行系统观测，引入的无角陶赛特品种绵羊适应性好，并具有良好的种质特性。至2008年，在永昌县用无角陶赛特品种绵羊杂交改良获得的1～3代杂种羊超过20万只，在甘肃、宁夏、青海、河南等推广区，杂交改良当地羊获得各代杂种羊130余万只，其成为目前正在培育的甘肃现代肉羊新品种的主要父系之一，取得了显著的经济效益。

关键词：无角陶赛特绵羊种质特性应用

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TiO supported IrO for anode reversal tolerance in proton exchange membrane fuel cell

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第5期页码 852-861 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0811-7

摘要： Fuel starvation can occur and cause damage to the cell when proton exchange membrane fuel cells operate under complex working conditions. In this case, carbon corrosion occurs. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts can alleviate carbon corrosion by introducing water electrolysis at a lower potential at the anode in fuel shortage. The mixture of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and unsupported OER catalyst not only reduces the electrolysis efficiency, but also influences the initial performance of the fuel cell. Herein, Ti₄O₇ supported IrO_x is synthesized by utilizing the surfactant-assistant method and serves as reversal tolerant components in the anode. When the cell reverse time is less than 100 min, the cell voltage of the MEA added with IrO_x/Ti₄O₇ has almost no attenuation. Besides, the MEA has a longer reversal time (530 min) than IrO_x (75 min), showing an excellent reversal tolerance. The results of electron microscopy spectroscopy show that IrO_x particles have a good dispersity on the surface of Ti₄O₇ and IrO_x/Ti₄O₇ particles are uniformly dispersed on the anode catalytic layer. After the stability test, the Ti₄O₇ support has little decay, demonstrating a high electrochemical stability. IrO_x/Ti₄O₇ with a high dispersity has a great potential to the application on the reversal tolerance anode of the fuel cell.

关键词： proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) fuel starvation cell reverse reversal tolerance anode oxygen evolution reaction

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Control strategies for disinfection byproducts by ion exchange resin, nanofiltration and their sequential

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1725-x

摘要：

● Effects of AER adsorption and NF on DBP precursors, DBPs, and TOX were examined.

关键词： Disinfection byproducts Control Anion exchange resin Nanofiltration Cytotoxicity

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Advancing ion-exchange membranes to ion-selective membranes: principles, status, and opportunities

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1625-0

摘要：

● IEM ion/ion selectivities of charge, valence, & specific ion are critically assessed.

关键词： Ion-exchange membranes Selectivity Separations

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Electro-assisted regeneration of ion exchange resins

LIU Zhigang, WANG Ying, LI Yansheng, CHANG Hui

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第4期页码 410-414 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0069-x

摘要： Electro-assisted regeneration (EAR) for the mixed bed of strongly acidic cation and weakly basic anion exchange resins with the Al(OH) suspension in a three-compartment cell was investigated. The desalination experiments were carried out to evaluate the characteristic of the regenerated mixed resins. Experimental results showed that the efficiency of resin regeneration was strictly dependent on the voltage, regeneration time, and feed regenerant flow rate. The amount of the effluent reached 50 times the volume of the resins bed, and the conductivity was less than 1.0 ?s/cm. Compared to the conventional ER, the total effluent volume of EAR was about 1000 mL more than that of ER under the same conditions, and the outlet conductivity was significantly lower. The desalination and regeneration reaction mechanisms of the mixed resins indicated the regeneration efficiency of resin with Al(OH) as the regenerant was much higher than that with HO.

关键词： effluent volume acidic three-compartment weakly exchange

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西部旱区寒区草类植物种质资源研究现状与发展机制

师尚礼

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第4期页码 81-91 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.016

摘要： His major research field is grass germplasm resources and breeding.strong>Funding project:Chinese Academy of Engineering project “Research on the Construction of Germplasm

关键词：西部旱区寒区；草类植物；种质资源；创新利用；种业

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Salinity exchange between seawater/brackish water and domestic wastewater through electrodialysis for

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1616-1

摘要：

● Present a general concept called “salinity exchange”.

关键词： Desalination Potable water reuse Ion-exchange membrane Salinity gradient energy Wastewater discharge

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A district heating system based on absorption heat exchange with CHP systems

Lin FU, Yan LI, Yi JIANG, Shigang ZHANG,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 77-83 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0022-0

摘要： In order to decrease the energy consumption of large-scale district heating systems with cogeneration, a district heating system is presented in this paper based on absorption heat exchange in the cogeneration system named Co-ah cycle, which means that the cogeneration system is based on absorption heat exchange. In substations of the heating system, the temperature of return water of primary heat network is reduced to about 25°C through the absorption heat-exchange units. In the thermal station of the cogeneration plant, return water is heated orderly by the exhaust steam in the condenser, the absorption heat pumps, and the peak load heater. Compared with traditional heating systems, this system runs with a greater circuit temperature drop so that the delivery capacity of the heat network increases dramatically. Moreover, by recovering the exhausted heat from the condensers, the capacity of the district heating system and the energy efficiency of the combined heat and power system (CHP system) are highly developed. Therefore, high energy and economic efficiency can be obtained.

关键词： cogeneration district heating absorption heat exchange Co-ah cycle

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Momentum exchange coefficient for two jet flows mixing in a tee junction

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第12期页码 2161-2161 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0143-3

摘要： RETRACTED ARTICLE: Momentum exchange coefficient for two jet flows mixing in a tee junction

关键词： tee junction Momentum exchange coefficient RETRACTED

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Engineering Management from the Perspective of Meta-synthesis Methodology—with the Bank Card Information Exchange

Hong-feng Chai,Quan Sun

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第4期页码 404-413 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016037

摘要： The paper empirically studies the engineering practices of the national currency circulation information system-China Union Pay’s Bankcard Information Exchange System. By integrating the meta-synthesis methodology and the financial information system engineering, the paper proposes basic principles and processes of the giant and complex financial information system engineering management, and further explores its paradigm and toolkit.

关键词： financial information system meta-synthesis methodology bank card information exchange

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水稻eui种质的遗传评价和育种利用

杨仁崔

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第8期页码 26-30

摘要：

发现水稻节间伸长的eui新基因及其高秆隐性种质的多型性，育成长穗颈的雄性不育系，组配成e(eui)-杂交稻，并已进入生产应用。e-杂交稻研究和发展的目标是：减少杂交稻种子生产中50%～90%的赤霉素用量，并提高种子产量和质量；杂交稻增产，同时减少杂交稻种植的氮肥用量。已克隆分离出EUI1，EUI2基因，并获得该突变基因碱基缺失多样性的材料，将为植物生长发育，GA代谢激素与杂种优势，以及基因突变的分子机理和植物基因工程的研究提供材料和机遇。

关键词：水稻 eui e-杂交稻遗传评价育种